The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille struck two times late to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a convincing shootout victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.